The north-west of Italy, with its varied landscapes ranging from fertile plains to majestic mountain peaks, is an ideal destination for lovers of natural beauty, culture and gastronomy. Piedmont, Liguria and the Italian Alps are three neighbouring regions, but each one has its own unique character. Before setting off on the winding roads of these regions, it is advisable to familiarise yourself with Italian traffic regulations, tolls and possible penalties, so that the adventure remains a pleasure.
Piedmont: a royal heritage among vineyards
Piedmont, at the foot of the western Alps, is a land of contrasts where the Po plain meets imposing peaks. This region, whose name literally means ‘at the foot of the mountains’, is famous for its prestigious wines, such as Barolo and Barbaresco, produced in the hills of Langhe and Monferrato, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Turin, the capital, is known for its baroque elegance and its museums, particularly the Egyptian Museum, one of the richest of its kind in the world. Nature lovers can venture into the Gran Paradiso National Park, where chamois and ibex bring the alpine landscape to life.
As for traffic, Piedmont is crossed by major motorways such as the A4 and A21, both of which are toll roads. The Italian system operates on a closed circuit: a ticket is collected at the entrance and payment is made on exit. The amount depends on the distance travelled and the category of the vehicle. Rates usually range from 0.07 to 0.10 euros per kilometre. The secondary roads offer splendid views, but require greater attention due to their narrowness, especially in mountainous areas. Speed cameras, both fixed and mobile, are frequent in the area.
Liguria: the Italian Riviera
Liguria, divided into the Riviera di Ponente to the west and the Riviera di Levante to the east, is a narrow coastal strip wedged between the Ligurian Sea and the mountains. Genoa, a port city with a rich maritime history, impresses with its historic centre and its aquarium, one of the largest in Europe. Further east, the Cinque Terre, five colourful villages perched on cliffs, offer an unforgettable spectacle, while Portofino, the jewel of the Riviera, attracts with its sophisticated charm. Ligurian cuisine, with its pesto alla genovese and seafood, deserves a chapter of its own.
The roads of Liguria, such as the A10 motorway that connects Genoa with Ventimiglia, are also toll roads, with rates similar to those in Piedmont. However, the rugged topography requires numerous tunnels and viaducts, which makes driving spectacular but sometimes exhausting. The historic centres, especially in Genoa or Cinque Terre, are usually Limited Traffic Zones (ZTLs); only residents or authorised vehicles can access them. If you are staying in a hotel located in a ZTL, it is essential to contact the establishment in advance to obtain a temporary permit. Coastal roads, such as the Via Aurelia, are free but winding, ideal for enjoying the views.
The Italian Alps: nature and adventure
The Italian Alps, which stretch from Piedmont to the Austrian border, are a paradise for mountain lovers. In Piedmont, the Aosta Valley is home to renowned resorts such as Courmayeur, at the foot of Mont Blanc, and medieval castles built on rocky spurs. Further east, the Dolomites, mainly located in Trentino-Alto Adige, stand out for their spectacular limestone peaks. These mountains, declared a World Heritage Site, offer exceptional hiking trails in summer and ski slopes in winter.
Driving in the Italian Alps is characterised by narrow mountain roads and Alpine passes, such as the Col du Grand-Saint-Bernard or the Fréjus Tunnel, which connects Italy with France. The latter, 13.7 km long, is subject to a specific tax: about 47 euros for a one-way trip by car, a cost justified by its strategic role. Priority rules are strictly applied: on uphill sections, cars have right of way, except in front of buses. Winter conditions require snow tyres or chains from 15 October to 15 April, under penalty of a fine of 85 to 338 euros. Fines for speeding or dangerous manoeuvres can cost up to 1,282 euros and licence suspension in serious cases.
Why visit north-west Italy?
These three regions combine incomparable attractions. Piedmont captivates with its gastronomy (Alba white truffle, hazelnuts, red wines) and its historical heritage. Liguria enchants with its picturesque villages and crystal-clear waters, ideal for swimming or sailing. The Italian Alps, meanwhile, offer year-round activities in a unique setting, from skiing to hiking. Whether you are looking for the mildness of the coast, the cultural richness of the cities or the serenity of the peaks, this corner of Italy will meet all your expectations.
In short, exploring Piedmont, Liguria and the Italian Alps by car is a memorable experience, as long as you respect local regulations. With proper preparation (checking the ZTL, anticipating tolls, respecting limitations), you can focus on driving and enjoying yourself, as a new wonder is revealed around every bend.